Patron label is given to those who donate to financially support the forum and the server it runs on. They also get access to a special forum category. Info is here:
Basic vs Member vs Regular are part of the site’s automatic trust level system described here:
That affects everyone and different levels are granted different levels of permission. Designed to keep bots from running wild mostly.
Going from Basic to Member happens pretty fast if you’re active at all.
Regulars are more active and over a longer period of time. They also get a whole other hidden category to post on, and being trusted, some abilities to edit titles and categorize posts.